| Operations | Definition |
| Calculate | Calculate operation – Find the result of a numeric, pointer, or string operation. |
| Evaluate | Evaluate operation – Find the result of a Boolean condition (incl. comparison). |
| Operands | Definition |
| Name | Name operand – The declared identifier for an entity. |
| Data | Data operand – The data value of an object – stored in object's memory. |
| Type | Type operand – The data type of an object – the set of allowed values (e.g., char is within [-128, 127]) and the operations allowed over them (e.g., +, *, mod). |
| Causes | Definition |
| Code Bug | Code Bug Type – A code operation defect – proper operands over an improper operation. A first cause for the chain of weaknesses underlying a software security vulnerability. Must be fixed to resolve the vulnerability. |
| Wrong Code | |
| Erroneous Code | |
| Name Fault | Name Fault/Error Type – The resolved name is wrong. |
| Wrong Object Resolved | Wrong Object Resolved fault/error – zzzxxx Object is resolved from wrong scope. |
| Wrong Function Resolved | Wrong Function Resolved fault/error – Function is resolved from wrong scope. |
| Wrong Generic Function Bound | Wrong Generic Function Bound fault/error – Code for a wrong data type is bound due to wrong generic type arguments. |
| Wrong Overridden Function Bound | Wrong Overridden Function Bound fault/error – Code from wrong subtype is bound due to a wrong invoking subtype object. |
| Wrong Overloaded Function Bound | Wrong Overloaded Function Bound fault/error – Wrong overloaded implementation is bound due to wrong function arguments. |
| Data Fault | Data Fault/Error Type – The object data has harmed semantics or inconsistent or wrong value |
| Wrong Argument | Wrong Argument fault/error – Inaccurate input data value, i.e., non-verified for harmed semantics. |
| Reference vs. Object | Reference vs. Object fault/error – Object's address instead of object's data value. |
| Type Fault | Type Fault/Error Type – The the set or range of allowed values is wrong or the operations allowed on them are wrong. |
| Wrong Type | Wrong Type fault/error – A data type range or structure is not correct. |
| Wrong Object Type Resolved | Wrong Object Type Resolved fault/error – An object is resolved from a wrong scope, so its data type might be wrong (e.g. a parent vs a child data type). |
| Consequences | Definition |
| Data Error | Data Fault/Error Type – The object data has harmed semantics or inconsistent or wrong value |
| Wrong Result | Wrong Result fault/error – Incorrect value – from type conversion or computation. |
| Under Range | Under Range fault/error – Data value is smaller than type's lower range. |
| Over Range | Over Range fault/error – Data value is larger than type's upper range. |
| Flipped Sign | Flipped Sign fault/error – Sign bit is overwritten from type related calculation. |
| Wrap Around | Wrap Around fault/error – A moved around-the-clock value over its data type upper or lower range, as it exceeds that range. (Integer Over-/Under-flow is a wrapped-around the upper/lower range integer value; may become very small/large and change to the opposite sign. |
| Type Compute Final Error | Type Compute exploitable error type – An exploitable or undefined system behavior caused by 'arithmetic' type computation bugs. |
| Undefined | Undefined exploitable error – The Type System cannon represent the calculated result (e.g. division by 0). |
| Operations Attributes | Definition |
| Mechanism | Mechanism operation attribute type – Shows how the buggy/faulty operation code is performed. |
| Function | Function operation attribute – An organized block of code that when called takes in data, processes it, and produces a result(s). |
| Operator | Operator operation attribute – A function with a symbolic name that implements a mathematical, relational or logical operation. |
| Method | Method operation attribute – A member function of an OOP class. |
| Lambda Expression | Lambda Expression operation attribute – An anonymous function, implemented within another function. |
| Procedure | Procedure operation attribute – A function with a void return type. |
| Source Code | Source Code operation attribute type – Shows where the buggy/faulty operation code is in the program – in what kind of software. |
| Codebase | Codebase operation attribute – The operation is in the programmer's code - in the application itself. |
| Third-Party | Third-Party operation attribute – The operation is in a third-party software. |
| Standard Library | Standard Library operation attribute – The operation is in the standard library for a particular programming language. |
| Compiler/Interpreter | Compiler/Interpreter operation attribute – The operation is in the language processor that allows execution or creates executables (compiler, assembler, interpreter). |
| Execution Space | Execution Space operation attribute type – Shows where the buggy/faulty operation code is running or with what privilege level. |
| Local | Local operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment with access control policy with limited (local user) permission. |
| Admin | Admin operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment with access control policy with unlimited (admin user) permission. |
| Bare-Metal | Bare-Metal operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment without privilege control. Usually, the program is the only software running and has total access to the hardware. |
| Operands Attributes | Definition |
| Name State | Name State operand attribute type – Shows at what stage the entity name is. |
| Resolved | Resolved operand attribute – The name scope is known to the Type System. |
| Bound | Bound operand attribute – The name is linked to a declared (or inferred) data type, a defined object's data, or a called function implementation. |
| Data Kind | Data Kind operand attribute type – Shows what the data value is. |
| Numeric | Numeric operand attribute – A number – a sequence of digits. |
| Text | Text operand attribute – A string – a sequence of symbols. |
| Pointer | Pointer operand attribute – A holder of the memory address of an object. |
| Boolean | Boolean operand attribute – A truth/falcity value – true or false; 1 or 0. |
| Type Kind | Type Kind operand attribute type – Shows what the data type composition is. |
| Primitive | Primitive operand attribute – A scalar data type that mimics the hardware units - e.g., int (long, short, signed), float, double, string, Boolean. A primitive data type is only language defined and is not built from other data types. |
| Structure | Structure operand attribute – A composite data type - e.g., array, list, map, class. A structured data type is built from other data types and has primitive or structured members. |
