| Operations | Definition |
| Allocate | Reserve space in memory for an object; defines its initial boundaries and size. |
| Extend | Reserve additional memory for an object in the same space; changes its boundaries and size. |
| Reallocate-Extend | Reserve a new larger piece of memory for an object at a new address, copy the object content there, reassign its pointer, and deallocate the previous piece of memory. |
| Deallocate | Release the allocated memory of an object. |
| Reduce | Deallocates part of the object memory; redefines its boundaries and size. |
| Reallocate-Reduce | Reserve a new smaller space in memory for an object at a new address, copy part of the object content there, reassign the pointer, and deallocate the previous piece of memory. |
| Operands | Definition |
| Data | The data value of an object -- stored in object's memory. |
| Address | The memory address for an object. Its value is data of another object, the object's pointer, used to reference and traverce the object. |
| Causes | Definition |
| Code Defect Bug | The operation has a bug, which is the first cause for the chain of weaknesses underlying a software security vulnerability. The bug must be fixed to resolve the vulnerability. |
| Missing Code | The entire operation implementation or a part of its specification is absent. |
| Mismatched Operation | The deallocation function does not match the allocation function used for the same object. |
| Erroneous Code | The operation implementation has a bug. |
| Data Fault | The object data has harmed semantics or inconsistent or wrong value |
| Hardcoded Address | The pointer points a wrong specific address. |
| Forbidden Address | The pointer points to an OS protected or non-existing address. |
| Single Owned Address | Exactly one pointer owns the object. |
| Wrong Size | The value used as size does not match the actual size of the object. |
| Address Fault | The object address in use is wrong. |
| Wild Pointer | Points to an arbitrary address, because it has not been initialized or an erroneous allocation routine is used. |
| Dangling Pointer | Still points to the address of its successfully deallocated object. |
| Wrong Position Pointer | Points to a miscalculated position inside its object bounds. |
| Size Fault | The object size in use is wrong. |
| Not Enough Memory | The allocated memory is too little for the data it should store. |
| Consequences | Definition |
| Address Error | The object address in use is wrong. |
| NULL Pointer | Points to the zero address, a specific invalid address. |
| Wild Pointer | Points to an arbitrary address, because it has not been initialized or an erroneous allocation routine is used. |
| Dangling Pointer | Still points to the address of its successfully deallocated object. |
| Size Error | The object size in use is wrong. |
| Not Enough Memory | The allocated memory is too little for the data it should store. |
| Memory Corruption/Disclosure Final Error | An exploitable or undefined system behavior caused by memory addressing, allocation, use, and deallocation bugs. |
| Memory Overflow | More memory is requested than available. |
| Memory Leak | An object has no pointer pointing to it. |
| Double Free | An attempt to deallocate a deallocated object or via an uninitialized pointer. |
| Object Corruption | An object's data value is unintentionally altered. |
| Operations Attributes | Definition |
| Mechanism | Shows how the buggy/faulty operation code is performed. |
| Implicit | The operation is performed without a function/method call. |
| Explicit | The operation is performed by a function/method call. |
| Source Code | Shows where the buggy/faulty operation code is in the program -- in what kind of software. |
| Codebase | The operation is in the programmer's code - in the application itself. |
| Third-Party | The operation is in a third-party software. |
| Standard Library | The operation is in the standard library for a particular programming language. |
| Compiler/Interpreter | The operation is in the language processor that allows execution or creates executables (compiler, assembler, interpreter). |
| Execution Space | Shows where the buggy/faulty operation code is running or with what privilege level). |
| Userland | The bugged code runs in an environment with privilege levels, but in unprivileged mode (e.g., ring 3 in x86 architecture). |
| Kernel | The bugged code runs in an environment with privilege levels with access privileged instructions (e.g., ring 0 in x86 architecture). |
| Bare-Metal | The bugged code runs in an environment without privilege control. Usually, the program is the only software running and has total access to the hardware. |
| Operands Attributes | Definition |
| Address State | Shows where the address is in the memory layout. |
| Stack | The object is a non-static local variable (defined in a function, a passed parameter, or a function return address). |
| Heap | The object is a dynamically allocated data structure (e.g., via malloc() and new). |
| /other/ | Other kinds of memory layout (e.g. Uninitialized Data Segment, Data Segment, and Code Segment could be used for C). |
