| Operations | Definition |
| Allocate | Allocate operation – Reserve space in memory for an object; defines its initial boundaries and size. |
| Extend | Extend operation – Reserve additional memory for an object in the same space; changes its boundaries and size. |
| Reallocate-Extend | Reallocate-Extend operation – Reserve a new larger piece of memory for an object at a new address, copy the object content there, reassign its pointer, and deallocate the previous piece of memory. |
| Deallocate | Deallocate operation – Release the allocated memory of an object. |
| Reduce | Reduce operation – Deallocates part of the object memory; redefines its boundaries and size. |
| Reallocate-Reduce | Reallocate-Reduce operation – Reserve a new smaller space in memory for an object at a new address, copy part of the object content there, reassign the pointer, and deallocate the previous piece of memory. |
| Operands | Definition |
| Data | Data operand – The data value of an object – stored in object's memory. |
| Address | Address operand attribute – The memory address for an object. It is data of another object, the object's pointer, used to reference and traverse the object. |
| Causes | Definition |
| Code Bug | Code Bug Type – A code operation defect – proper operands over an improper operation. A first cause for the chain of weaknesses underlying a software security vulnerability. Must be fixed to resolve the vulnerability. |
| Missing Code | |
| Mismatched Operation | |
| Erroneous Code | |
| Data Fault | Data Fault/Error Type – The object data has harmed semantics or inconsistent or wrong value |
| Hardcoded Address | Hardcoded Address fault/error – The pointer holds a wrong specific address. |
| Forbidden Address | Forbidden Address fault/error – The pointer holds an OS protected address (includs the zero address -- a NULL pointer) or non-existing address. |
| Single Owned Address | Single Owned Address fault/error – Exactly one pointer owns the object. |
| Wrong Size | Wrong Size fault/error – The value used as size does not match the actual size of the object (e.g., to restrict pointer repositioning or index increment/decrement in a repetition statement). |
| Address Fault | Address Fault/Error Type – The object address in use is wrong. |
| Wild Pointer | Wild Pointer fault/error – Holds an arbitrary address, because it has not been initialized or an erroneous allocation routine is used. |
| Dangling Pointer | Dangling Pointer fault/error – Still holds the address of its successfully deallocated object (e.g., pointer to a freed heap object or with a returned by a function stack object address). |
| Wrong Position Pointer | Wrong Position Pointer fault/error – Holds the address of a miscalculated position inside its object bounds. |
| Size Fault | Size Fault/Error Type – The object size in use is wrong. |
| Not Enough Memory | Not Enough Memory fault/error – The allocated memory is too little for the data it should store. |
| Consequences | Definition |
| Data Error | Data Fault/Error Type – The object data has harmed semantics or inconsistent or wrong value |
| NULL Pointer | NULL Pointer fault/error – Does not point to a valid object; usually holds the zero memory address. |
| Address Error | Address Fault/Error Type – The object address in use is wrong. |
| Wild Pointer | Wild Pointer fault/error – Holds an arbitrary address, because it has not been initialized or an erroneous allocation routine is used. |
| Dangling Pointer | Dangling Pointer fault/error – Still holds the address of its successfully deallocated object (e.g., pointer to a freed heap object or with a returned by a function stack object address). |
| Size Error | Size Fault/Error Type – The object size in use is wrong. |
| Not Enough Memory | Not Enough Memory fault/error – The allocated memory is too little for the data it should store. |
| Memory Corruption/Disclosure Final Error | Memory Corruption/Disclosure exploitable error type – An exploitable or undefined system behavior caused by memory addressing, allocation, use, and deallocation bugs. |
| Memory Overflow | Memory Overflow exploitable error – More memory is requested than available. |
| Memory Leak | Memory Leak exploitable error – An object has no pointer pointing to it. |
| Double Deallocate | Double Deallocate exploitable error – An attempt to deallocate a deallocated (freed) object or via an uninitialized pointer. |
| Object Corruption | Object Corruption exploitable error – An object's data value is unintentionally altered. |
| Operations Attributes | Definition |
| Mechanism | Mechanism operation attribute type – Shows how the buggy/faulty operation code is performed. |
| Implicit | Implicit operation attribute – The operation is performed without a function/method call. |
| Explicit | Explicit operation attribute – The operation is performed by a function/method call. |
| Source Code | Source Code operation attribute type – Shows where the buggy/faulty operation code is in the program – in what kind of software. |
| Codebase | Codebase operation attribute – The operation is in the programmer's code - in the application itself. |
| Third-Party | Third-Party operation attribute – The operation is in a third-party software. |
| Standard Library | Standard Library operation attribute – The operation is in the standard library for a particular programming language. |
| Compiler/Interpreter | Compiler/Interpreter operation attribute – The operation is in the language processor that allows execution or creates executables (compiler, assembler, interpreter). |
| Execution Space | Execution Space operation attribute type – Shows where the buggy/faulty operation code is running or with what privilege level. |
| Userland | Userland operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment with privilege levels, but in unprivileged mode (e.g., ring 3 in x86 architecture). |
| Kernel | Kernel operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment with privilege levels with access privileged instructions (e.g., ring 0 in x86 architecture). |
| Bare-Metal | Bare-Metal operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment without privilege control. Usually, the program is the only software running and has total access to the hardware. |
| Operands Attributes | Definition |
| Address State | Address State operand attribute type - State operand attribute type – Shows where the address is in the memory layout. |
| Stack | Stack operand attribute – The object is a non-static local variable (defined in a function, a passed parameter, or a function return address). |
| Heap | Heap operand attribute – The object is a dynamically allocated data structure (e.g., via malloc() and new). |
| /other/ | /other/ – Other kinds of memory layout (e.g. Uninitialized Data Segment, Data Segment, and Code Segment could be used for C). |
