BF Specification of CVE-2015-0235 — GHOST in GNU glibc v2.2, and other v2.x before v2.18
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Missing factor (the size of '*h_alias_ptr') while calculating the 'size_needed' size of a buffer leads to reallocation of not enough memory, allowing a pointer reposition over its bounds, which, when used in 'strcpy()' leads to a heap buffer overflow. If exploited, this can lead to arbitrary code execution (ACE) -- everything could be lost.
Erroneous Code (in '__nss_hostname_digits_dots()') to Calculate (missing factor -- size of '*h_alias_ptr') of Bound name (to size_needed) of Numeric data using Operator mechanism (addition '+') in Standard Library source code (nss/digits_dots.c#L85-#L86) in Local execution space leads to Wrong Result ('size_needed') error, which propagates to
Wrong Size (in ''realloc (*buffer, *buffer_size)') to Reallocate-Reduce ('*buffer_size = size_needed;') on Heap using Explicit mechanism in Standard Library source code (nss/digits_dots.c#L102) in Userland execution space that results in Insufficient Size (for 'hostname') error, which propagates to
Insufficient Size (in 'resbuf->h_name = strcpy (hostname, name);') to Reposition (pointer) on Heap with Used size using Sequential mechanism in Standard Library source code (nss/digits_dots.c#L157) in Userland execution space that results in Overbound Pointer (of 'hostname') error, which propagates to
Overbound Pointer (in 'resbuf->h_name = strcpy (hostname, name);') to Write (object) on Heap with Used size using Sequential mechanism in Standard Library source code (nss/digits_dots.c:#L157) in Userland execution space that results in Buffer Overflow ('hostname') final error, which can be exploited toward
Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) (everything could be lost) security failure.
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| Class | Definition |
| TCM | Type Computation (TCM) class – An arithmetic expression (over numbers, strings, or pointers) is calculated improperly, or a boolean condition is evaluated improperly. |
| MMN | Memory Management (MMN) class – An object is allocated, resized, or deallocated improperly. |
| MAD | Memory Addressing (MAD) class – The pointer to an object is initialized, dereferenced, repositioned, or reassigned to an improper memory address. |
| MUS | Memory Use (MUS) class – An object is initialized, read, written, or cleared improperly. |
| Operation | Definition |
| Calculate | Calculate operation – Find the result of a numeric, pointer, or string operation. |
| Reallocate-Reduce | Reallocate-Reduce operation – Reserve a new smaller space in memory for an object at a new address, reassign the pointer, and release the previous piece of memory. |
| Reposition | Reposition operation – Change the pointer to another position inside its object. |
| Write | Write operation – Change the data value of an object in memory to another meaningful value. |
| Cause/Consequence | Definition |
| Code Bug | Code Bug type – An error in the implementation of an operation – proper operands over an improper operation. It is the roor cause of a security vulnerability. Must be fixed to resolve the vulnerability. |
| Erroneous Code | Erroneous Code bug - There is a coding error in the implementation of the operation. |
| Data Error/Fault | Data error (or fault) type – The data of an object has harmed semantics or inconsistent or wrong value. |
| Wrong Result | Wrong Result error (or fault) – Incorrect value – from type conversion or computation. |
| Wrong Size | Wrong Size error (or fault) – The value used as size or length (i.e., the number of elements) does not match the object's memory size or length (e.g., to limit a pointer reposition or index increment/decrement in a repetition statement). |
| Size Error/Fault | Type error (or fault) type – The set or range of allowed values of an entity is wrong or the operations allowed on them are wrong. |
| Insufficient Size | Insufficient Size error (or fault) – The allocated memory is too little for the data it should store. |
| Address Error/Fault | Address error (or fault) type – The address of an object is wrong. |
| Overbound Pointer | Overbound Pointer error (or fault) – Holds an address that is above the upper boundary of its object. |
| Memory Corruption/Disclosure Final Error | Memory Corruption/Disclosure final error/exploit vector type – An exploitable or undefined system behavior caused by memory addressing, allocation, use, or deallocation bugs. |
| Buffer Overflow | Buffer Overflow final error – Write data above the upper bound of an object (i.e., buffer over-write). |
| Operation Attribute | Definition |
| Mechanism | Mechanism operation attribute type – Shows how the operation with a bug or faulty operand is performed. |
| Operator | Operator operation attribute – The operation is via a function with a symbolic name that implements a mathematical, relational or logical operation. |
| Explicit | Explicit operation attribute – The operation is via a function/method call. |
| Sequential | Sequential operation attribute – The operation is via iterating over the object elements. |
| Source Code | Source Code operation attribute type – Shows where the code of the operation with a bug or faulty operand resides within the software, firmware, or hardware. |
| Standard Library | Standard Library operation attribute – The operation code is in the standard library for a particular programming language. |
| Execution Space | Execution Space operation attribute type – Shows where the operation with a bug or faulty operand is executed and the privilege level at which it runs. |
| Local | Local operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment with access control policy with limited (local user) permission. |
| Userland | Userland operation attribute – The bugged code runs in an environment with privilege levels, but in unprivileged mode (e.g., ring 3 in x86 architecture). |
| Operand Attribute | Definition |
| Name State | Name State operand attribute type – Shows what the stage of the entity name is. |
| Bound | Bound operand attribute – The name is linked to a declared (or inferred) data type, a defined object's data, or a called function implementation. |
| Data Kind | Data Kind operand attribute type – Shows what the type or category of data is. |
| Numeric | Numeric operand attribute – A number – a sequence of digits. |
| Address State | Address State operand attribute type – Shows where the address is (i.e., its location) in the memory layout. |
| Heap | The object is a dynamically allocated data structure (e.g., via malloc() or new). |
| Size Kind | Size Kind operand attribute type – Shows what is used as the size or length (i.e., the number of elements) of an object - e.g., as the limit for traversal over the elements. |
| Used | Used operand attribute – A supplied value to be used as the size or length (i.e., the number of elements) of an object. |
| Failure | Definition |
| ACE | Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE) – Execution of unauthorized commands or code execution that could lead to everything being lost; remote code execution (RCE) is a sub-case of ACE on a target system or device from a remote location, typically over a network. |